Analysis of IoT-Based Smart Solar Energy Monitoring for University Buildings in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study:
Energy consumption and sustainability are critical issues for modern university campuses, particularly in regions where power supply is inconsistent. In Maiduguri LGA, Borno State, many university buildings rely on both grid and solar energy systems to meet their power needs. However, the lack of effective monitoring tools hinders the optimization of energy consumption and the identification of inefficiencies in solar energy usage. IoT-based smart solar energy monitoring systems offer a promising solution by integrating sensors, data analytics, and wireless communication to continuously track energy production and consumption. These systems provide real-time data on solar panel performance, battery storage levels, and energy usage patterns, enabling facility managers to make informed decisions about energy allocation and maintenance (Ola, 2023). With the ability to detect system anomalies and forecast energy output, smart monitoring systems help in reducing energy wastage and improving overall efficiency. Furthermore, the integration of cloud-based analytics allows for long-term performance evaluation and predictive maintenance, which is essential for optimizing renewable energy resources. The system’s real-time feedback also supports cost savings by allowing adjustments to energy usage during peak demand periods. As universities strive for sustainability and reduced operational costs, the deployment of IoT-based solar energy monitoring aligns with global efforts to integrate renewable energy solutions into campus infrastructure (Aminu, 2024). Enhanced monitoring not only ensures reliability and efficiency but also promotes environmental responsibility by reducing the carbon footprint. The scalable nature of the IoT solution makes it adaptable to other energy systems, supporting broader smart campus initiatives (Bello, 2025).
Statement of the problem:
University buildings in Maiduguri LGA are challenged by inefficient energy management practices, largely due to the lack of real-time monitoring of solar energy systems. Traditional methods of energy tracking are manual and periodic, leading to delayed detection of performance issues and underutilization of renewable resources (Ibrahim, 2023). The absence of an integrated monitoring system prevents facility managers from identifying inefficiencies in solar panel performance and energy storage, resulting in suboptimal energy consumption and higher operational costs. Furthermore, the lack of predictive maintenance tools leads to increased system downtime and higher repair costs. These issues are compounded by inconsistent energy supply, making it difficult to rely solely on renewable energy sources. Without an IoT-based monitoring solution, universities struggle to optimize their energy mix and achieve sustainability goals. The challenge is to develop a system that provides continuous, accurate data on solar energy production and consumption, thereby enabling proactive maintenance and efficient energy management (Chukwu, 2024). Addressing these problems is essential to ensure that renewable energy systems are fully utilized, costs are minimized, and the university’s environmental footprint is reduced (Okafor, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based system for real-time monitoring of solar energy usage in university buildings.
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To evaluate the system’s impact on optimizing energy consumption and reducing operational costs.
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To recommend strategies for integrating the monitoring system with existing campus energy infrastructures.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based monitoring system in tracking solar energy production and consumption in real time?
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What improvements in energy efficiency and cost savings can be observed with the system’s implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current energy management practices to optimize renewable resource utilization?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it investigates the role of IoT-based smart solar energy monitoring in enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy systems on university campuses. The research will provide valuable insights for facility managers and policymakers on reducing energy costs, optimizing resource use, and promoting environmental sustainability in academic institutions.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the analysis and evaluation of IoT-based smart solar energy monitoring systems in university buildings in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State. It does not extend to other energy systems or regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that transmit real-time data.
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Solar Energy Monitoring: The process of tracking the performance and usage of solar power systems.
Smart Monitoring System: An automated system that uses sensors and analytics to optimize energy management
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